1. Literature was reviewed about the origin and natural condition of the Mu-Us sandy district in China. The district is not included in climatological desert area, but belongs to desertification area disturbed by human impact. Since it located on the transition zone between desert and steppe and it accumulates great amount of sandy sediment in the Quaternary stratum, the potential risk for desertification is so high. On such basal conditions, desertification was primarily promoted by inappropriate rough agriculture. The current district is classified into the following four land types as hilly upland, active sand dune, fixed sand dune, and meadow steppe. Each land type is characterized by geological base, water condition, and aeolian operation. The unique ecosystem is established according to the land type. Each land unit is not eternal, that is to say, fixed sand dune and hilly upland change into active sand dune through erosion. In particular, fixed sand dune is so fragile that it was easily desertificated by sifting cultivation. On the other hand, active sand dune which is less mobile proceeds to fixed sand dune through land succession. 2. Large stem cutting of Salix matsudana is the most popular technique of tree planting in the Mu-Us sandy district. The relationship between the growth condition and the location were studied. The survivorship rate of cuttings was higher on meadow, while that of rooted trees was higher on sandy mound. The growth condition of trees was best at the ground height of 2m above groundwater table and consequently worse both on higher and lower location. Stomatal conductance declined as the ground level was elevated. Anaerobic soil condition developed by higher groundwater table in meadow steppe prevents root growth. On the other hand, trees tend to be exposed to dry condition on sand dune where little water supply is available from the groundwater. The growth condition was closely associated with ground vegetation and, therefore, ground vegetation is considered to be effective as a c