学校でのネガティブ経験

ソーシャルサポート知覚

Self-Esteem

ADHD

Adverse Experiences in the School Environment

Perceived Social Support

[SUMMARY] This research investigated the connections between adverse experiences in the school environment, perceived social support, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms in children with ASD, ADHD, and typically developing children. The study encompassed two groups: the NDD group, which included 11 children diagnosed with ADHD or ASD and their respective guardians, and the TD group, consisting of 150 fifth- and sixth-grade children and their guardians. The guardians completed questionnaires regarding their children’s ADHD symptoms, while the children responded to questionnaires concerning their self-esteem, depressive symptoms, school-related events, and perceived social support from fathers, mothers, classroom teachers, and friends. The findings revealed that, within the TD group, self-esteem exhibited a negative correlation with depressive symptoms and a positive correlation with perceived social support from mothers. In contrast, the NDD group displayed lower levels of self-esteem when compared to the TD group. Furthermore, in comparison to the TD group, the NDD group reported more adverse school experiences, greater perceived social support from parents, and lower perceived social support from friends.