[ABSTRACT] There have been many studies on the effects of space environment on plant growth and development. Since the era of space stations such as Salyut, Skylab, Mir, and International Space Station（ISS）, in particular, long duration experiments have advanced our understanding of plant growth under spaceflight conditions. Also, the high-precision experimental instruments installed in Space Shuttle or ISS, together with modern advanced analytical methods for biology, made the results of spaceflight experiments more accurate, reliable, and interesting. It has been particularly focused on gravitational plant biology, which could be studied by means of space utilization, because plants evolutionally obtained various strategies to survive in terrestrial environment, being adapted to Earth gravity. Now, human beings challenge the exploration of deeper space including Moon and Mars by manned missions. It is pointed out that local production for local consumption of foods is necessary for our long duration stay or habitation in space. Aiming at research and development of the plant-based food production system with sustainable material circulation to support human life in space, Chiba University established the Research Center for Space Agriculture and Horticulture, affiliated to the Graduate School of Horticulture. This review summarizes major accomplishments in spaceflight experiments with plants and addresses some issues in future space horticulture.