Purpose: This study clarified the challenges nurses face and their nursing practices in their interaction with children on the autism spectrum and their families in the physical medicine department by reviewing domestic literature. Method: Literature searches were conducted using Ichushi-Web and CiNii with the keywords “autism spectrum disorder,” “developmental disabilities,” “nursing,” and “children,” and the search period was limited to the past 10 years. A qualitative analysis was conducted of the domestic literature on the challenges and nursing practices concerning children on the autism spectrum and their families in the physical medicine department. Results: Nine articles were selected for the analysis. Consequently,［challenges due to the characteristics of children on the autism spectrum], [challenges due to the environment of the physical medicine department], and [challenges related to the family] were identified as the challenges faced by nurses. Meanwhile, the practices they employed were [adapting to the characteristics of each child], [using the knowledge and skills unique to the physical medicine department], and [establishing a relationship of trust with the child and family]. Conclusion: Although providing care to children on the autism spectrum and their families is challenging, nurses in the physical medicine department strive to understand the characteristics of each child. They also build trusting relationships with the children and their families and deliver care tailored to each child’s characteristics while utilizing the specialized skills of the physical medicine department.